译(四十五)-Python字典排序

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怎么用键排序字典?

  • Antony asked:

    • 怎么将 {2:3, 1:89, 4:5, 3:0} 转换为 {1:89, 2:3, 3:0, 4:5}
      我找了些文章,都是用排序操作,但都返回的是元组。
  • Answers:

    • NPE - vote: 1158

    • Python 3.7 前的标准 Python 字典都是无序的。即便键值对已经排好了,存储在字典时也无法保证顺序。

    • 最简单的方式是使用 OrderedDict,它可以存储插入元素的顺序。

    • In [1]: import collections
      
      In [2]: d = {2:3, 1:89, 4:5, 3:0}
      
      In [3]: od = collections.OrderedDict(sorted(d.items()))
      
      In [4]: od
      Out[4]: OrderedDict([(1, 89), (2, 3), (3, 0), (4, 5)])
    • 别介意 od 输出的方式,它会按预期那样打印。

    • In [11]: od[1]
      Out[11]: 89
      
      In [12]: od[3]
      Out[12]: 0
      
      In [13]: for k, v in od.iteritems(): print k, v
       ....: 
      1 89
      2 3
      3 0
      4 5
    • Python 3

    • 对于 Python 3 的用户,需要把 iter.items() 替换为 .items()

    • In [13]: for k, v in od.items(): print(k, v)
      ....: 
      1 89
      2 3
      3 0
      4 5
    • James - vote: 482

    • 字典本身是无序的,如果你需要按顺序输出它们,见下面例子 :

    • 在 Python 2.4 及以上版本:

    • mydict = {'carl':40,
              'alan':2,
              'bob':1,
              'danny':3}
      
      for key in sorted(mydict):
        print "%s: %s" % (key, mydict[key])
    • 输出:

    • alan: 2
      bob: 1
      carl: 40
      danny: 3
    • Python 2.4 以下版本:

    • keylist = mydict.keys()
      keylist.sort()
      for key in keylist:
        print "%s: %s" % (key, mydict[key])
    • 参考: http://www.saltycrane.com/blog/2007/09/how-to-sort-python-dictionary-by-keys/

    • Dipu - vote: 305

    • 对于 CPython、PyPy 3.6 以及高于 3.7 版本的 Python 中,能很容易实现:

    • >>> d = {2:3, 1:89, 4:5, 3:0}
      >>> dict(sorted(d.items()))
      {1: 89, 2: 3, 3: 0, 4: 5}

How can I sort a dictionary by key?

  • Antony asked:

    • What would be a nice way to go from {2:3, 1:89, 4:5, 3:0} to {1:89, 2:3, 3:0, 4:5}?
      I checked some posts but they all use the sorted operator that returns tuples.
      怎么将 {2:3, 1:89, 4:5, 3:0} 转换为 {1:89, 2:3, 3:0, 4:5}
      我找了些文章,都是用排序操作,但都返回的是元组。
  • Answers:

    • NPE - vote: 1158

    • Standard Python dictionaries are unordered (until Python 3.7). Even if you sorted the (key,value) pairs, you wouldn\'t be able to store them in a dict in a way that would preserve the ordering.
      Python 3.7 前的标准 Python 字典都是无序的。即便键值对已经排好了,存储在字典时也无法保证顺序。

    • The easiest way is to use OrderedDict, which remembers the order in which the elements have been inserted:
      最简单的方式是使用 OrderedDict,它可以存储插入元素的顺序。

    • In [1]: import collections
      
      In [2]: d = {2:3, 1:89, 4:5, 3:0}
      
      In [3]: od = collections.OrderedDict(sorted(d.items()))
      
      In [4]: od
      Out[4]: OrderedDict([(1, 89), (2, 3), (3, 0), (4, 5)])
    • Never mind the way od is printed out; it\'ll work as expected:
      别介意 od 输出的方式,它会按预期那样打印。

    • In [11]: od[1]
      Out[11]: 89
      
      In [12]: od[3]
      Out[12]: 0
      
      In [13]: for k, v in od.iteritems(): print k, v
       ....: 
      1 89
      2 3
      3 0
      4 5
    • Python 3

    • For Python 3 users, one needs to use the .items() instead of .iteritems():
      对于 Python 3 的用户,需要把 iter.items() 替换为 .items()

    • In [13]: for k, v in od.items(): print(k, v)
      ....: 
      1 89
      2 3
      3 0
      4 5
    • James - vote: 482

    • Dictionaries themselves do not have ordered items as such, should you want to print them etc to some order, here are some examples:
      字典本身是无序的,如果你需要按顺序输出它们,见下面例子 :

    • In Python 2.4 and above:
      在 Python 2.4 及以上版本:

    • mydict = {'carl':40,
              'alan':2,
              'bob':1,
              'danny':3}
      
      for key in sorted(mydict):
        print "%s: %s" % (key, mydict[key])
    • gives:
      输出:

    • alan: 2
      bob: 1
      carl: 40
      danny: 3
    • (Python below 2.4:)
      Python 2.4 以下版本:

    • keylist = mydict.keys()
      keylist.sort()
      for key in keylist:
        print "%s: %s" % (key, mydict[key])
    • Source: http://www.saltycrane.com/blog/2007/09/how-to-sort-python-dictionary-by-keys/
      参考: http://www.saltycrane.com/blog/2007/09/how-to-sort-python-dictionary-by-keys/

    • Dipu - vote: 305

    • For CPython/PyPy 3.6, and any Python 3.7 or higher, this is easily done with:
      对于 CPython、PyPy 3.6 以及高于 3.7 版本的 Python 中,能很容易实现:

    • >>> d = {2:3, 1:89, 4:5, 3:0}
      >>> dict(sorted(d.items()))
      {1: 89, 2: 3, 3: 0, 4: 5}

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